A historical view of research capability enables us to better understand how today’s current research leaders in undefined get to where we are at. Or alternatively, which countries used to have research strengths in a technology but have since seen their leadership position slip. We track their research capability with their publication rate between 2003 and 2023.

A historical view of research capability enables us to better understand how today’s current research leaders in undefined get to where we are at. Or alternatively, which institutions used to have research strengths in a technology but have since seen their leadership position slip. We track their research capability with their publication rate between 2003 and 2023.